Why Top Brokers Are Losing Active Investors Despite Rising Markets
Introduction
At a time when the Indian stock market is showing signs of strength—with gains of over 9% in just two months—you’d expect retail investor activity to be surging. Instead, the opposite is happening. India’s top stockbrokers, including Groww, Zerodha, Angel One, and Upstox, are facing a steady decline in active investors for the third month in a row.
This puzzling trend reveals deeper changes brewing beneath the surface of India’s retail investing landscape.
What’s Behind the Decline?
Market Recovery Isn’t Enough
The NSE data shows that even as benchmark indices gained over 3% in April (on top of a 6% rally in March), investor activity continued to shrink. The drop in users seems to lag the market movement, which isn’t unusual. Sentiment among retail traders tends to recover slowly, especially after the 20% correction seen between September 2024 and February 2025.
But this time, the lag seems to be deeper and more persistent.
The Numbers Tell the Story
With over 16 crore demat accounts but only around 5 crore unique investors, this drop reflects a cautious and possibly fatigued retail base.
Why Are Investors Pulling Back?
Several factors are contributing to this surprising slowdown in retail trading:
1. Tighter Futures & Options Regulations
Since late 2024, regulators have introduced stricter rules around F&O trading—a favourite among active traders. These changes are meant to protect inexperienced investors from excessive risk, but they’ve also led to a steep decline in trading volumes.
2. Increased Tax Burden and Lower Incentives
Higher taxes on trades and reduced exchange rebates are hitting both traders and brokers. With profits being squeezed, many investors—especially the smaller ones—are simply opting out.
3. Geopolitical & Economic Uncertainty
Concerns around the India-Pakistan conflict, Donald Trump’s tariff moves, and underwhelming Q4 earnings have created a jittery investment environment. Many retail traders are choosing to wait and watch.
Not All Brokers Are Losing
Interestingly, while discount brokers are seeing a decline, traditional bank-backed brokers like HDFC Securities, ICICI Securities, SBI Cap, and Yes Securities have continued to add active investors over the past six months.
At the same time, emerging platforms like INDMoney, Dhan, and PhonePe’s Share. Market is gaining traction—suggesting that while overall activity may be slowing, investors are re-evaluating where and how they invest.
Brokers Feeling the Heat
The financial impact of this trend is already showing up in earnings:
Privately held players like Zerodha and Groww haven’t released earnings yet, but analysts expect a 30–50% hit to revenues across the sector in the second half of FY25.
What This Means for the Market
The ongoing decline in active users among top brokers isn’t just a short-term blip—it’s a sign of a changing market. Investors are becoming more selective. Trading patterns are shifting. The era of explosive retail growth, driven by low fees and mobile-first apps, may be entering a new, more mature phase.
Conclusion
The decline in active investors at India’s top brokers, despite a rising market, reflects deeper undercurrents—regulatory changes, economic uncertainty, and shifting investor behaviour. It’s a wake-up call for broking platforms to rethink their strategies and focus not just on acquisition, but on education, experience, and long-term engagement.
The coming quarters will test how well these platforms can adapt. For now, the message from retail investors is clear: enthusiasm alone isn’t enough—they want clarity, confidence, and value.